Learn about numbers in JavaScript

Numbers in JavaScript is a primitive data type that can store both Integers and floats. It is really important to know how numbers behave in JavaScript and how to use them.

Converting numbers

For converting a string that contains only a number (eg: "28") to a Number type we use a wrapper object called Number

 Number("28")

// returns 28 as Number data type

or we could also use "+" for converting, as JavaScript sees the + it will do type coercion and convert the operands to numbers

+"28"

// returns 28 as Number data type

Parsing Numbers

Number.parseInt(): parseInt is used to parse the Integer out of the string they may even contain characters but the string should start with a number

Number.parseInt("2.4rem") ;

// returns 2

Number.parseInt("2rem") ;

// returns 2

Number.parseInt("rem2") ;

// returns NaN

Number.parseFloat(): parseFloat is used to parse the Floating point number out of the string they may even contain characters but the string should start with a number.

Number.parseFloat("2.4rem") ;

// returns 2.4

Number.parseFloat("2rem") ;

// returns 2

Number.parseFloat("rem2") ;

// returns NaN

Number.isNan(): As we saw above that Number.parseFloat("rem2") gives us NaN

Number.parseFloat("rem2") ==NaN
// returns false

But this returns false so to check if the number is NaN we use isNaN()

Number.isNaN(Number.parseFloat("rem2"));
// returns true

Number.isFinite(): It is used to check if a number is finite and this method doesn't do type coercion, It is used to check if the value is a number.

Number.isFinite("28")

// returns false

Number.isFinite(28)

// returns true

Number.isFinite(28/0)

// returns false

Math Object

Math is a built-in object that has properties and methods for mathematical constants and functions.

Some properties:

Math.E: Euler's constant and the base of natural logarithms; approximately 2.718.

Math.LN10: Natural logarithm of 10; approximately 2.303.

Math.PI: The ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter; approximately 3.14159.

Some Methods:

Math.max(): This returns the maximum element out of the given elements.

const randomNums=[2,5,1,4,8,3];

console.log(Math.max(...randomNums));

// returns 8

Math.min(): This returns the minimum element out of the given elements.

const randomNums=[2,5,1,4,8,3];

console.log(Math.min(...randomNums));

// returns 1

Rounding Integers

Math.trunc(): It removes the decimal part of the number.

const a=4.7;

console.log(Math.trunc(a));

// returns 4

Math.round(): It rounds the number to the nearest integer.

const a=4.7;

console.log(Math.round(a));

// returns 5

Math.ceil(): It rounds the number to the next largest integer.

const a=4.7;

console.log(Math.ceil(a));

// returns 5

Math.floor(): It rounds down the number to the closest integer.

const a=4.7;

console.log(Math.floor(a));

// returns 4

As you might see and say that Math.floor() and Math.trunc() returns the same value

but when dealing with negative numbers the output will be different, let's look at an example

const a=-4.7;

console.log(Math.trunc(a));

//returns -4

console.log(Math.floor(a));

//returns -5

As the Math.trunc() removes the decimal part which leaves us with -4 and Math.floor() which rounds down the number which returns -5.

Numeric Separators

We could make use of underscores ( _ ) for seeing large numbers clearly.

Example:

const a=280_500_000_000;

console.log(a)

//280500000000

JavaScript ignores the underscores, but you cannot use the underscores at the beginning of the number or right after the decimal point.

Conclusion

This was about Numbers in JavaScript to summarize we looked at how to convert numbers, Parsing numbers, Math Object and the numeric separators

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Harsh Singh